Boiler systems have been used for decades for heating large buildings and have recently become an economical resolution to heating a home. Although these are cheaper to operate than the regular dry heat furnaces, they do present problems that must be taken care of in order to keep them properly running. Many times the repairs can be done on site and other problems must be performed elsewhere.
One common problem with a boiler is a faulty thermocouple. This is a temperature sensor that is located in the pilot light flame of the boiler and uses electricity when it becomes hot to open the solenoid valve. Many plumbers carry a variety of these in their repair vehicles along with a universal that usually works on most models. This is one common problem that can be fixed on site by removing the cover to the pilot light. Remove the casing of the pilot/igniter/thermocouple mounting bracket. Once you have removed the casing, remove the assembly cover and gently remove the thermocouple. Place the new thermocouple in its place and reverse the process.
Another common problem is the flue fan fails on an average of about every two years. You may hear a noise that is uncommon for your boiler or it may fail to start completely. This is another problem that can be repaired on site. However, repairing this may better be left to a plumber due to the combustible products that are found in the combustion chamber. It can be performed by a maintenance crew if much care is taken. The flue fan is usually located on top of the house. It is relatively cheap to fix, although if a plumber is called it can be expensive. It is not an easy task to replace this piece.
The formation of scale inside your boiler can leave you without heat and is a problem for boiler owners who have hard water, iron in their water along with other impurities such as copper, oil and silica. These impurities can build up and block the heat transfer surfaces of the boiler. This is a problem that may have to be handled off site, depending on the severity of the problem. If it is determined that the buildup is only within the pipes of the outflow and inflowing water, the pipes can be replaced. However if it is determined that this is a much greater problem and has literally stopped up the water flowing from the boiler itself, the boiler may have to be taken to a shop to be cleaned out or even replaced. It can be fixed before it even starts if you purchase and install a water softening system. Because many homes and businesses run on what is called “city” water lines, the water is normally treated and most of the impurities are removed before it ever makes it to your boiler. However in the event that your boiler runs on a well and pump water system, a water softening system is a good idea.